Laparoscopy treatment in vadodara

What Is a Laparoscopy?
Laparoscopy is a type of surgical procedure that allows a surgeon to access the inside of the abdomen (tummy) and pelvis without having to make large incisions in the skin.
This procedure is also known as keyhole surgery or minimally invasive surgery.
Large incisions can be avoided during laparoscopy because the surgeon uses an instrument called a laparoscope.The laparoscope is a long, thin tube with a high-intensity light and a high-resolution camera at the front. The instrument is inserted through an incision in your abdominal wall. As it moves along, the camera relays images to a video monitor.
Laparoscopy allows your physician to see inside your body in real time, without open surgery.


Figure 1- HOW LAPAROSCOPY IS DONE

Figure 2- LAPAROSCOPY INSTRUMENTS


The advantages of this technique over traditional open surgery include:

• a shorter hospital stay and faster recovery time
• less pain and bleeding after the operation
• reduced scarring

When laparoscopy is used
Laparoscopy can be used to help diagnose a wide range of conditions that develop inside the abdomen or pelvis. It can also be used to carry out surgical procedures, such as removing a damaged or diseased organ, or removing a tissue sample for further testing (biopsy).

Various laparoscopic surgeries:

•  LAPAROSCOPIC  APPENDICECTOMY:  It is a surgery to remove an inflamed appendix from the

Figure 3- INFLAMMED APPENDIX SEEN IN LAPAROSCOPY
body.


Figure 4- APPENDIX REMOVED AFTER SURGERY

•  LAPAROSCOPIC  CHOLECYSTECTOMY:  It is  the laparoscopic removal of a diseased gall bladder more commonly when there are gall stones, or inflammation or cancer of gall bladder.

Figure 5- GALL BLADDER  AS SEEN IN LAPAROSCOPY

Figure 6- DIAGRAM OF GALL STONES AND CBD STONES

• LAPAROSCOPIC  INGUINAL HERNIA  REPAIR / INCISIONAL HERNIA REPAIR:

Figure 7 - PROLENE MESH KEPT INSIDE IN LAPAROSCOPIC HERNIA REPAIR (TAPP)

Figure 8- INGUINAL HERNIA AS SEEN FROM INSIDE IN LAPAROSCOPY

•  LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY/ OVARIAN CYSTECTOMY/ MYOMECTOMY- It is the laparoscopic removal of uterus or ovaries or a fibroid in the uterus.

Figure 9- UTERUS WITH LEFT OVARIAN CYST AFTER REMOVAL


Figure 10 - UTERUS AS SEEN FROM INSIDE IN LAPAROSCOPY.

•  DIAGNOSTIC  LAPAROSCOPY – It is used to diagnose problems inside the abdomen when a conclusive diagnosis is not reached by investigations like sonography/ CT scan etc. The disease can be treated simultaneously if possible.

Figure 11- DIAGRAM OF ABDOMINAL ORGANS


Figure 12-DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY

•  ADVANCED LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES- This include laparoscopic fundoplication, laparoscopic colectomies, bariatric surgery etc.

Diagnostic Uses of Laparoscopy
A laparoscopy often is used to identify and diagnose the source of abdominal or pelvic pain. It usually is performed after other noninvasive options have been tried.
In many cases, abdominal problems are observed with imaging techniques such as:

• ultrasound
• computed tomography (CT) scan
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

When these tests cannot provide enough data for diagnosis, a laparoscopy is used to find more details. The procedure also can be used to take a biopsy.
Your physician may recommend laparoscopy to examine the following organs:

• appendix
• gallbladder
• liver
• pancreas
• small and large bowel
• spleen
• stomach
• pelvic or reproductive organs

By observing these areas with a laparoscope, your physician can investigate:

• abdominal pain
• an abdominal mass or tumor
• fluid in the abdominal cavity
• liver disease
• the effectiveness of certain treatments
• the degree to which a cancer has progressed

Administration of Laparoscopy
After changing into a hospital gown, an IV line will be put in your hand or arm.
You will generally be given general anesthesia for this procedure. This means you will sleep through it and not feel any pain. A small incision will be made below your navel. A small tube called a cannula will be inserted. This is used to inflate your abdomen with carbon dioxide gas. Then the laparoscope will be inserted.
Up to a total of four cuts will be made. These allow other instruments to be inserted. For example, your doctor may need to perform a biopsy.
After the procedure is done, the instruments will be removed. Your incisions will be closed with absorbable stitches or surgical tape. Bandages may be placed over the incisions.
Part 4 of 7: Recovery
Recovery from Laparoscopy
When your laparoscopy is completed, you will be observed for several hours before you are released from the hospital. The timing of your release will vary. It depends on:

• your overall physical condition
• the type of anesthesia used
• your body’s reaction to the procedure.

In some cases, you may have to remain overnight.
Generally, you will be taken to a recovery room. While there, you will be checked for any reaction to the anesthesia or the procedure. Your vital signs will be monitored.
When the effects of your anesthesia wear off, you will be discharged. However, if you received general anesthesia, you will not be permitted to drive yourself home.
After your laparoscopy, you can expect to feel slight pain and throbbing at the surgical sites. Any pain or discomfort should improve daily. Your physician may prescribe medication to relieve the pain.
It is not uncommon to have shoulder pain after your procedure. This occurs when the carbon dioxide gas causes an irritation in your diaphragm, which shares nerves with your shoulder. The carbon dioxide may also cause some bloating.
You will be told not to lift any heavy objects for about a week.
Typically, you can go back to eating your normal diet when you feel hungry.
You usually can resume all normal activities within a week. You will need to return to your physician in about two weeks.